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Francesco Pacelli
Francesco Pacelli (February 1, 1872–April 22, 1935) was an Italian lawyer and the elder brother of Eugenio Pacelli, who would later become Pope Pius XII. He acted as a legal advisor to Pope Pius XI; in this capacity, he assisted Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Gasparri in the negotiation of the Lateran Treaty, which established the independence of Vatican City.
==Background==
Francesco Pacelli was born in Rome into a family, which for most of the 19th century, was in service to the Holy See. The Pacelli family had a long tradition of legal training. His grandfather, Marcantonio Pacelli, had been minister of finance for Pope Gregory XVI and deputy minister of interior under Pope Pius IX from 1851 to 1870. He founded the ''L’Osservatore Romano'' on July 20, 1860.〔The Origins of L’Osservatore Romano, Vatican Website: http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/searchq=cache:RXKo_HAWxg8J:www.vatican.va/news_services/or/history/hi_eng.html+Marcantonio+Pacelli+osservatore+romano&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=de〕 His father Filippo Pacelli, was a solicitor (lawyer) in the Congregation of the Sacred Rota.
His brother, Eugenio Pacelli, was ordained a priest on Easter Sunday, April 2, 1899 by Bishop Francesco di Paola Cassetta — the vice-regent of Rome and a family friend. After entering Vatican service, he was also chosen by Pope Leo XIII to deliver condolences on behalf of the Vatican to Edward VII of the United Kingdom after the death of Queen Victoria.〔Marchione, 2004, p. 9.〕 In 1908, he served as a Vatican representative on the International Eucharistic Congress in London,〔 where he met Winston Churchill.〔Dalin, 2005, p. 47.〕 In 1911, he represented the Holy See at the coronation of King George V.〔name="marchione10"〕 Pope Benedict XV appointed Pacelli as papal nuncio to Bavaria on April 23, 1917, consecrating him as titular Archbishop of Sardis in the Sistine Chapel on May 13, 1917, the very day, Our Lady of Fatima is believed to have first appeared to three shepherd children in Fatima, Portugal. Several years after he was appointed Nuncio to Germany, and after completion of a concordat with Bavaria, the nunciature was moved to Berlin. June 23, 1920 and 1925 respectively.
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